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Guided A1 grammar course
Understand the patterns. Build your own sentences.
Work through short lessons with clear explanations, tables, practical vocabulary, pronunciation help, and examples in Armenian, transliteration, and English.
Express ability, wishes, necessities, and permission with complete present-tense patterns.
20 minute lessonExamples include transliteration and English
Core modal expressions
Armenian
Transliteration
English
Pattern
կարող եմ
karogh em
I can
կարող + form of “to be” + infinitive
ուզում եմ
uzum em
I want
ուզում + form of “to be” + noun or infinitive
պետք է
petk’ e
must / need to
պետք է + special present verb form
կարելի է
kareli e
it is possible / allowed
impersonal permission
Ability: “can”
Person
Armenian
Transliteration
English
I
կարող եմ խոսել
karogh em khosel
I can speak
you, informal
կարող ես խոսել
karogh es khosel
you can speak
he / she
կարող է խոսել
karogh e khosel
he / she can speak
we
կարող ենք խոսել
karogh enk’ khosel
we can speak
you, plural / polite
կարող եք խոսել
karogh ek’ khosel
you can speak
they
կարող են խոսել
karogh en khosel
they can speak
Wanting: noun or infinitive
Person
Armenian
Transliteration
English
I
ուզում եմ
uzum em
I want
you, informal
ուզում ես
uzum es
you want
he / she
ուզում է
uzum e
he / she wants
we
ուզում ենք
uzum enk’
we want
you, plural / polite
ուզում եք
uzum ek’
you want
they
ուզում են
uzum en
they want
Obligation: “must go”
Person
Armenian
Transliteration
English
I
պետք է գնամ
petk’ e gnam
I must go
you, informal
պետք է գնաս
petk’ e gnas
you must go
he / she
պետք է գնա
petk’ e gna
he / she must go
we
պետք է գնանք
petk’ e gnank’
we must go
you, plural / polite
պետք է գնաք
petk’ e gnak’
you must go
they
պետք է գնան
petk’ e gnan
they must go
Why the verb after “must” changes
The obligation frame takes the present subjunctive, not the infinitive. With many regular verbs in the first infinitive class, the endings follow -եմ (-em), -ես (-es), -ի (-i), -ենք (-enk’), -եք (-ek’), -են (-en); verbs in the second class commonly use -ամ (-am), -աս (-as), -ա (-a), -անք (-ank’), -աք (-ak’), -ան (-an). Frequent irregular verbs should be learned as complete six-person sets.
Needing a thing
Person
Armenian
Transliteration
English
I
ինձ ջուր է պետք
indz jur e petk’
I need water
you, informal
քեզ ջուր է պետք
k’ez jur e petk’
you need water
he / she
նրան ջուր է պետք
nran jur e petk’
he / she needs water
we
մեզ ջուր է պետք
mez jur e petk’
we need water
you, plural / polite
ձեզ ջուր է պետք
dzez jur e petk’
you need water
they
նրանց ջուր է պետք
nrants’ jur e petk’
they need water
Cannot and do not want
Person
Cannot
Do not want
Transliteration
I
չեմ կարող
չեմ ուզում
ch’em karogh / ch’em uzum
you, informal
չես կարող
չես ուզում
ch’es karogh / ch’es uzum
he / she
չի կարող
չի ուզում
ch’i karogh / ch’i uzum
we
չենք կարող
չենք ուզում
ch’enk’ karogh / ch’enk’ uzum
you, plural / polite
չեք կարող
չեք ուզում
ch’ek’ karogh / ch’ek’ uzum
they
չեն կարող
չեն ուզում
ch’en karogh / ch’en uzum
Negative patterns
Meaning
Armenian
Transliteration
English
cannot
չեմ կարող գնալ
ch’em karogh gnal
I cannot go
do not want
չեմ ուզում գնալ
ch’em uzum gnal
I do not want to go
must not
չպետք է գնամ
ch’petk’ e gnam
I must not go
do not need to
պետք չէ գնալ
petk’ ch’e gnal
there is no need to go
not allowed
չի կարելի ծխել
ch’i kareli tskhel
smoking is not allowed
Permission
Armenian
Transliteration
English
Կարելի՞ է ներս գալ։
Kareli e ners gal?
May I come in?
Այո, կարելի է։
Ayo, kareli e.
Yes, it is allowed.
Ոչ, չի կարելի։
Voch’, ch’i kareli.
No, it is not allowed.
Examples
Ես կարող եմ հայերեն խոսել։Yes karogh em hayeren khosel.I can speak Armenian.Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; kh is the throaty sound in German “Bach”.
Ես ջուր եմ ուզում։Yes jur em uzum.I want water.Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”.
Ես ուզում եմ գնալ։Yes uzum em gnal.I want to go.
Ես պետք է գնամ։Yes petk’ e gnam.I have to go.Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated.
Ինձ բժիշկ է պետք։Indz bzhishk e petk’.I need a doctor.Pronunciation: dz is blended; zh is the sound in “vision”; k’ is aspirated.
Կարելի՞ է։Kareli e?May I? / Is it allowed?
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