Learn Eastern Armenian Free A1 course & practice
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All lessons Lesson 10
Everyday lesson · 30 minutes

Yesterday, Life Stories & Travel

1. Earlier and now

Start with a useful contrast: what a situation was like before and what it is like now. Reuse the past forms of “to be” and “to have”, then connect them to present forms.

Earlier

Նախկինում նա գյուղում էր ապրում։ Nakhkinum na gyughum er aprum. Earlier, he / she lived in a village. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; gh is voiced and throaty.
Նա փոքր տուն ուներ։ Na p’ok’r tun uner. He / she had a small house. Pronunciation: p’ and k’ are aspirated.
Աշխատանքը դժվար էր։ Ashkhatank’ə dzhvar er. The work was difficult. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; k’ is aspirated; ə is a short “uh”; dzh is one blended sound.
Ընտանիքը հեռու էր։ Əntanik’ə herru er. The family was far away. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated; rr is rolled.

Now

Հիմա նա քաղաքում է ապրում։ Hima na k’aghak’um e aprum. Now he / she lives in a city. Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Հիմա մեծ բնակարան ունի։ Hima mets bnakaran uni. Now he / she has a large apartment.
Աշխատանքը հետաքրքիր է։ Ashkhatank’ə hetak’rk’ir e. The work is interesting. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; k’ is aspirated; ə is a short “uh”.
Ընտանիքը մոտ է։ Əntanik’ə mot e. The family is nearby. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Recognise a past state Try it

Which sentence says that the work was difficult?

Աշխատանքը դժվար էր։ Ashkhatank’ə dzhvar er. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; k’ is aspirated; ə is a short “uh”; dzh is one blended sound.
Աշխատանքը հետաքրքիր է։ Ashkhatank’ə hetak’rk’ir e. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; k’ is aspirated; ə is a short “uh”.
Հիմա նա քաղաքում է ապրում։ Hima na k’aghak’um e aprum. Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Recognise “had” Try it

Which sentence says that the person had a small house?

Նա փոքր տուն ուներ։ Na p’ok’r tun uner. Pronunciation: p’ and k’ are aspirated.
Հիմա մեծ բնակարան ունի։ Hima mets bnakaran uni.
Ընտանիքը մոտ է։ Əntanik’ə mot e. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.

2. What did you do yesterday?

Use the simple past for completed actions. The events are finished, so the verb itself carries the past meaning.

A
Երեկ ի՞նչ արեցիր։ Yerek inch’ arets’ir? What did you do yesterday? Pronunciation: ch’ and ts’ are aspirated.
B
Առավոտյան ուշ արթնացա։ Arravotyan ush art’nats’a. I woke up late in the morning. Pronunciation: rr is rolled; sh is as in “ship”; t’ and ts’ are aspirated.
B
Հետո շուկայում գնումներ արեցի։ Heto shukayum gnumner aretsi. Then I shopped at the market. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; ts is unaspirated.
B
Կեսօրին ճաշ պատրաստեցի։ Kesorin chash patrastetsi. At noon I prepared lunch. Pronunciation: ch is unaspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
B
Երեկոյան ֆիլմ դիտեցի։ Yerekoyan film ditetsi. In the evening I watched a film.
B
Գիշերը շուտ քնեցի։ Gisherə shut k’netsi. At night I went to sleep early. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Yesterday · shopping Try it

Which sentence says that the speaker shopped at the market?

Հետո շուկայում գնումներ արեցի։ Heto shukayum gnumner aretsi. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; ts is unaspirated.
Երեկոյան ֆիլմ դիտեցի։ Yerekoyan film ditetsi.
Գիշերը շուտ քնեցի։ Gisherə shut k’netsi. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Yesterday · sleep Try it

Which sentence says that the speaker went to sleep early?

Գիշերը շուտ քնեցի։ Gisherə shut k’netsi. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Առավոտյան ուշ արթնացա։ Arravotyan ush art’nats’a. Pronunciation: rr is rolled; sh is as in “ship”; t’ and ts’ are aspirated.
Կեսօրին ճաշ պատրաստեցի։ Kesorin chash patrastetsi. Pronunciation: ch is unaspirated; sh is as in “ship”.

3. High-value past verbs

Some very common verbs have past forms worth memorising as complete chunks. Group them by meaning and retrieve them repeatedly.

Everyday actions

աշխատեցի ashkhatetsi I worked Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
սովորեցի sovoretsi I learned / studied
խմեցի khmetsi I drank Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
քնեցի k’netsi I slept / fell asleep Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated.
մնացի mnatsi I stayed

Movement and irregular frequent forms

գնացի gnatsi I went
եկա yeka I came
տեսա tesa I saw
կերա kera I ate
արեցի aretsi I did
Retrieve “I went” Try it

Which form means “I went”?

գնացի gnatsi
եկա yeka
մնացի mnatsi
Retrieve “I saw” Try it

Which form means “I saw”?

տեսա tesa
արեցի aretsi
կերա kera
Retrieve “I drank” Try it

Which form means “I drank”?

խմեցի khmetsi Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
քնեցի k’netsi Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated.
սովորեցի sovoretsi

4. Tell a short trip story

A travel story becomes easier when you keep a simple sequence: first, then, after that, and finally.

Traveller
Անցած շաբաթ Երևան գնացի։ Ants’ats shabat’ Yerevan gnatsi. Last week I went to Yerevan. Pronunciation: ts’ and t’ are aspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
Traveller
Սկզբում կենտրոնում զբոսնեցի։ Skzbum kentronum zbosnetsi. First I walked around the centre.
Traveller
Հետո թանգարան գնացի և շատ բան տեսա։ Heto t’angaran gnatsi yev shat ban tesa. Then I went to a museum and saw many things. Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
Traveller
Դրանից հետո սրճարանում սուրճ խմեցի։ Dranits’ heto srcharanum surch khmetsi. After that I drank coffee in a café. Pronunciation: ts’ is aspirated; ch is unaspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Traveller
Երեկոյան ընկերներիս հետ ճաշեցի։ Yerekoyan ənkerneris het chashetsi. In the evening I ate with my friends. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; ch is unaspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
Traveller
Վերջում հյուրանոց վերադարձա։ Verjum hyuranots’ veradardza. Finally I returned to the hotel. Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”; ts’ is aspirated; dz is blended.
Trip · museum Try it

Which sentence says that the traveller went to a museum and saw many things?

Հետո թանգարան գնացի և շատ բան տեսա։ Heto t’angaran gnatsi yev shat ban tesa. Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
Սկզբում կենտրոնում զբոսնեցի։ Skzbum kentronum zbosnetsi.
Վերջում հյուրանոց վերադարձա։ Verjum hyuranots’ veradardza. Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”; ts’ is aspirated; dz is blended.
Trip · sequence Try it

Which Armenian word marks the final step?

վերջում verjum Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”.
հետո heto
սկզբում skzbum

5. Send an informal travel message

Turn the trip into a short message. Notice how a few past verbs are enough to communicate where you went, what you saw, what you ate, and how the day felt.

Message
Բարև, Անի՛։ Barev, Ani! Hi, Ani!
Message
Երեկ ամբողջ օրը քաղաքում էի։ Yerek amboghj orə k’aghak’um eyi. Yesterday I was in the city all day. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; j is as in “jam”; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Message
Թանգարան գնացի, հին շենքեր տեսա և շատ լուսանկարներ արեցի։ T’angaran gnatsi, hin shenk’er tesa yev shat lusankarner aretsi. I went to a museum, saw old buildings, and took many photos. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
Message
Կեսօրին լավ ճաշեցի, հետո գետի մոտ քայլեցի։ Kesorin lav chashetsi, heto geti mot k’ayletsi. At noon I had a good meal, then walked near the river. Pronunciation: ch is unaspirated; sh is as in “ship”; k’ is aspirated.
Message
Շատ լավ օր էր։ Վաղը տուն եմ վերադառնում։ Shat lav or er. Vaghə tun em veradarrnum. It was a very good day. Tomorrow I am returning home. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; gh is voiced and throaty; ə is a short “uh”; rr is rolled.
Message
Շուտով կտեսնվենք։ Shutov k’tesnvenk’. See you soon. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; k’ is aspirated.
Message · photos Try it

Which sentence says that the writer saw old buildings and took many photos?

Թանգարան գնացի, հին շենքեր տեսա և շատ լուսանկարներ արեցի։ T’angaran gnatsi, hin shenk’er tesa yev shat lusankarner aretsi. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; sh is as in “ship”.
Կեսօրին լավ ճաշեցի, հետո գետի մոտ քայլեցի։ Kesorin lav chashetsi, heto geti mot k’ayletsi. Pronunciation: ch is unaspirated; sh is as in “ship”; k’ is aspirated.
Շուտով կտեսնվենք։ Shutov k’tesnvenk’. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”; k’ is aspirated.
Message · present/future context Try it

Which sentence says that the writer is returning home tomorrow?

Վաղը տուն եմ վերադառնում։ Vaghə tun em veradarrnum. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; ə is a short “uh”; rr is rolled.
Երեկ ամբողջ օրը քաղաքում էի։ Yerek amboghj orə k’aghak’um eyi. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; j is as in “jam”; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Շատ լավ օր էր։ Shat lav or er. Pronunciation: sh is as in “ship”.

6. A fictional life story

Longer life stories are still built from short A1 sentences. Follow the timeline and pay attention to the dates, places, work, and family changes.

Story
Արամը ծնվել է 1985 թվականին Գյումրիում։ Aramə tsnvel e 1985 t’vakanin Gyumrium. Aram was born in 1985 in Gyumri. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; ts and t’ are aspirated.
Story
Մանկության տարիներին նա գյուղում էր ապրում։ Mankut’yan tarinerin na gyughum er aprum. During his childhood he lived in a village. Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Story
2003 թվականին Երևան գնաց և համալսարանում սովորեց։ 2003 t’vakanin Yerevan gnats yev hamalsaranum sovorets. In 2003 he went to Yerevan and studied at university. Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated; ts is unaspirated.
Story
Հետո աշխատանք գտավ և ամուսնացավ։ Heto ashkhatank’ gtav yev amusnats’av. Then he found a job and got married. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; k’ and ts’ are aspirated.
Story
2015 թվականին ընտանիքը նոր բնակարան գնեց։ 2015 t’vakanin əntanik’ə nor bnakaran gnets. In 2015 the family bought a new apartment. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; ə is a short “uh”.
Story
Հիմա Արամը երկու երեխա ունի և ծրագրավորող է աշխատում։ Hima Aramə yerku yerekha uni yev tsragravorogh e ashkhatum. Now Aram has two children and works as a programmer. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; ts is unaspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Life story · move Try it

Which sentence says that Aram went to Yerevan and studied at university?

2003 թվականին Երևան գնաց և համալսարանում սովորեց։ 2003 t’vakanin Yerevan gnats yev hamalsaranum sovorets. Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated; ts is unaspirated.
2015 թվականին ընտանիքը նոր բնակարան գնեց։ 2015 t’vakanin əntanik’ə nor bnakaran gnets. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; ə is a short “uh”.
Հետո աշխատանք գտավ և ամուսնացավ։ Heto ashkhatank’ gtav yev amusnats’av. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; k’ and ts’ are aspirated.
Life story · now Try it

Which sentence describes Aram’s present situation?

Հիմա Արամը երկու երեխա ունի և ծրագրավորող է աշխատում։ Hima Aramə yerku yerekha uni yev tsragravorogh e ashkhatum. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; ts is unaspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Մանկության տարիներին նա գյուղում էր ապրում։ Mankut’yan tarinerin na gyughum er aprum. Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Արամը ծնվել է 1985 թվականին Գյումրիում։ Aramə tsnvel e 1985 t’vakanin Gyumrium. Pronunciation: ə is a short “uh”; ts and t’ are aspirated.

7. Years: in a year and since a year

Use one form for an event that happened in a particular year and another for a situation that continues from that year until now.

In a particular year

1998 թվականին 1998 t’vakanin in 1998 Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated.
2004 թվականին 2004 t’vakanin in 2004 Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated.
2016 թվականին 2016 t’vakanin in 2016 Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated.
Նա 2016 թվականին աշխատանք գտավ։ Na 2016 t’vakanin ashkhatank’ gtav. He / she found a job in 2016. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].

Since / from a year until now

2004 թվականից 2004 t’vakanits’ since / from 2004 Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated.
2019 թվականից 2019 t’vakanits’ since / from 2019 Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated.
Նա 2019 թվականից այստեղ է ապրում։ Na 2019 t’vakanits’ aystegh e aprum. He / she has lived here since 2019. Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Ես երեք տարի է՝ այստեղ եմ աշխատում։ Yes yerek’ tari e՝ aystegh em ashkhatum. I have been working here for three years. Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Recognise “since 2019” Try it

Which expression means “since 2019”?

2019 թվականից 2019 t’vakanits’ Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated.
2019 թվականին 2019 t’vakanin Pronunciation: t’ is aspirated.
երեք տարի yerek’ tari Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated.
Recognise duration until now Try it

Which sentence says that the speaker has been working here for three years?

Ես երեք տարի է՝ այստեղ եմ աշխատում։ Yes yerek’ tari e՝ aystegh em ashkhatum. Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Նա 2016 թվականին աշխատանք գտավ։ Na 2016 t’vakanin ashkhatank’ gtav. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Նա 2019 թվականից այստեղ է ապրում։ Na 2019 t’vakanits’ aystegh e aprum. Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.

8. Ask about someone’s past

A short interview needs only a few question patterns. Practise the question itself first, then use it to unlock a fictional life story.

Նախկինում որտե՞ղ էիր ապրում։ Nakhkinum vortegh eyir aprum? Where did you live before? Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; gh is voiced and throaty.
Ե՞րբ տեղափոխվեցիր։ Yerb t’eghap’okhvets’ir? When did you move? Pronunciation: t’ and p’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty; ts’ is aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Որտե՞ղ էիր աշխատում։ Vortegh eyir ashkhatum? Where did you work? Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Ի՞նչ էիր սովորում։ Inch’ eyir sovorum? What were you studying / learning? Pronunciation: ch’ is aspirated.
Որքա՞ն ժամանակ ապրեցիր այնտեղ։ Vork’an zhamanak aprets’ir ayntegh? How long did you live there? Pronunciation: k’ and ts’ are aspirated; zh is the sound in “vision”; gh is voiced and throaty.
Ե՞րբ սկսեցիր այս աշխատանքը։ Yerb sksets’ir ays ashkhatank’ə? When did you start this job? Pronunciation: ts’ and k’ are aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; ə is a short “uh”.
Ո՞ր թվականից ես այստեղ ապրում։ Vor t’vakanits’ es aystegh aprum? Since what year have you lived here? Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Review question words
Ask “when did you move?” Try it

Which question asks when someone moved?

Ե՞րբ տեղափոխվեցիր։ Yerb t’eghap’okhvets’ir? Pronunciation: t’ and p’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty; ts’ is aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Որտե՞ղ էիր աշխատում։ Vortegh eyir ashkhatum? Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Ի՞նչ էիր սովորում։ Inch’ eyir sovorum? Pronunciation: ch’ is aspirated.
Ask “since what year?” Try it

Which question asks for the starting year of a situation that continues now?

Ո՞ր թվականից ես այստեղ ապրում։ Vor t’vakanits’ es aystegh aprum? Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty.
Ե՞րբ սկսեցիր այս աշխատանքը։ Yerb sksets’ir ays ashkhatank’ə? Pronunciation: ts’ and k’ are aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; ə is a short “uh”.
Որքա՞ն ժամանակ ապրեցիր այնտեղ։ Vork’an zhamanak aprets’ir ayntegh? Pronunciation: k’ and ts’ are aspirated; zh is the sound in “vision”; gh is voiced and throaty.

9. Retell a timeline

Read the fictional timeline, then reconstruct the order. The exercise tests language and sequence words rather than outside knowledge.

Timeline
1990 թվականին Լիլիթը ծնվեց Վանաձորում։ 1990 t’vakanin Lilit’ə tsnvets Vanadzorum. In 1990 Lilit was born in Vanadzor. Pronunciation: t’ and ts are aspirated; ə is a short “uh”; dz is blended.
Timeline
2008 թվականին նա Երևան տեղափոխվեց։ 2008 t’vakanin na Yerevan t’eghap’okhvets. In 2008 she moved to Yerevan. Pronunciation: t’ and p’ are aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Timeline
Այնտեղ համալսարանում սովորեց։ Ayntegh hamalsaranum sovorets. There she studied at university. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty.
Timeline
2013 թվականին աշխատանք գտավ։ 2013 t’vakanin ashkhatank’ gtav. In 2013 she found a job. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
Timeline
2018 թվականին ամուսնացավ։ 2018 t’vakanin amusnats’av. In 2018 she got married. Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated.
Timeline
2021 թվականից ընտանիքը Գյումրիում է ապրում։ 2021 t’vakanits’ əntanik’ə Gyumrium e aprum. Since 2021 the family has lived in Gyumri. Pronunciation: t’, ts’, and k’ are aspirated; ə is a short “uh”.
Timeline · first Try it

Which event happened first?

Lilit was born in Vanadzor
She found a job
She got married
Timeline · continuing situation Try it

Which sentence describes a situation continuing from 2021 until now?

2021 թվականից ընտանիքը Գյումրիում է ապրում։ 2021 t’vakanits’ əntanik’ə Gyumrium e aprum. Pronunciation: t’, ts’, and k’ are aspirated; ə is a short “uh”.
2013 թվականին աշխատանք գտավ։ 2013 t’vakanin ashkhatank’ gtav. Pronunciation: t’ and k’ are aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x].
2018 թվականին ամուսնացավ։ 2018 t’vakanin amusnats’av. Pronunciation: t’ and ts’ are aspirated.

10. Final conversation: then and now

Finish by combining earlier life, a completed trip, family information, and the present. The conversation uses fictional people and places only.

A
Դուք միշտ մենա՞կ եք այստեղ ապրել։ Duk’ misht menak ek’ aystegh aprel? Have you always lived here alone? Pronunciation: k’ is aspirated; sh is as in “ship”; gh is voiced and throaty.
B
Ոչ։ Նախկինում ընտանիքիս հետ էի ապրում։ Voch’. Nakhkinum əntanik’is het eyi aprum. No. Earlier I lived with my family. Pronunciation: ch’ is aspirated; kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
A
Հիմա որտե՞ղ են նրանք։ Hima vortegh en nrank’? Where are they now? Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; k’ is aspirated.
B
Աղջիկս հիմա Մադրիդում է ապրում։ Նա այնտեղ է սովորել։ Aghjiks hima Madridum e aprum. Na ayntegh e sovorel. My daughter lives in Madrid now. She studied there. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; j is as in “jam”.
A
Դուք Մադրիդ գնացե՞լ եք։ Duk’ Madrid gnats’el ek’? Have you been to Madrid? Pronunciation: k’ and ts’ are aspirated.
B
Այո, երկու տարի առաջ գնացի։ Շատ բան տեսա և քաղաքը շատ հավանեցի։ Ayo, yerku tari arraj gnatsi. Shat ban tesa yev k’aghak’ə shat havanetsi. Yes, I went two years ago. I saw many things and liked the city very much. Pronunciation: rr is rolled; sh is as in “ship”; k’ is aspirated; gh is voiced and throaty; ə is a short “uh”.
A
Նորից կգնա՞ք։ Norits’ k’gnak’? Will you go again? Pronunciation: ts’ and k’ are aspirated.
B
Այո, հաջորդ տարի ուզում եմ նորից գնալ։ Ayo, hajord tari uzum em norits’ gnal. Yes, next year I want to go again. Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”; ts’ is aspirated.
Final challenge · earlier life Try it

Which sentence says that the speaker previously lived with the family?

Նախկինում ընտանիքիս հետ էի ապրում։ Nakhkinum əntanik’is het eyi aprum. Pronunciation: kh is a strong throaty sound [x]; ə is a short “uh”; k’ is aspirated.
Աղջիկս հիմա Մադրիդում է ապրում։ Aghjiks hima Madridum e aprum. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; j is as in “jam”.
Հաջորդ տարի ուզում եմ նորից գնալ։ Hajord tari uzum em norits’ gnal. Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”; ts’ is aspirated.
Final challenge · trip Try it

Which sentence says that the speaker went two years ago and saw many things?

Երկու տարի առաջ գնացի։ Շատ բան տեսա։ Yerku tari arraj gnatsi. Shat ban tesa. Pronunciation: rr is rolled; sh is as in “ship”.
Նա այնտեղ է սովորել։ Na ayntegh e sovorel. Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty.
Նորից կգնա՞ք։ Norits’ k’gnak’? Pronunciation: ts’ and k’ are aspirated.
Final challenge · future intention Try it

Which sentence says that the speaker wants to go again next year?

Հաջորդ տարի ուզում եմ նորից գնալ։ Hajord tari uzum em norits’ gnal. Pronunciation: j is as in “jam”; ts’ is aspirated.
Հիմա որտե՞ղ են նրանք։ Hima vortegh en nrank’? Pronunciation: gh is voiced and throaty; k’ is aspirated.
Դուք Մադրիդ գնացե՞լ եք։ Duk’ Madrid gnats’el ek’? Pronunciation: k’ and ts’ are aspirated.
Speak without reading

One last production round

Use fictional information and answer these prompts aloud. Nothing needs to be entered or saved.

  1. Describe a fictional person with two “earlier” facts and two “now” facts.
  2. Create a six-step fictional “yesterday” routine using completed past actions.
  3. Tell a short fictional trip story using first, then, after that, and finally.
  4. Write a short fictional informal travel message with at least three completed past actions.
  5. Create a fictional life timeline with four years and four major events.
  6. Make a short interview about someone’s past using where, when, how long, and since what year.
Words to memorize

Recall the core words before you finish

These are the most useful words from the lesson. Think of the answer first, reveal it, then tell the app whether you remembered it. Words marked “Again” return later in the same drill.

20 left Round 1
երեկ yerek yesterday
նախկինում nakhkinum earlier / formerly
անցած ants’ats last / past
առաջ arraj ago / before
սկզբում skzbum first / at the beginning
հետո heto then / afterwards
վերջում verjum finally / at the end
գնացի gnatsi I went
եկա yeka I came
տեսա tesa I saw
արեցի aretsi I did
կերա kera I ate
խմեցի khmetsi I drank
քնեցի k’netsi I slept / fell asleep
մնացի mnatsi I stayed
ծնվել tsnvel to be born
տեղափոխվել teghap’okhvel to move / relocate
թվական t’vakan year (calendar year)
թվականին t’vakanin in the year…
թվականից t’vakanits’ since / from the year…
Say this in Eastern Armenian
Related practice

Review the building blocks

Simple past Review completed past actions and the main simple-past endings used throughout this lesson. The verb “to be” Review present and past forms used to contrast earlier situations with the present. The verb “to have” Review present and past forms such as “has” and “had”. Time, days, and calendar Review yesterday, last week, years, dates, and other time expressions. Question words Review where, when, how long, and other questions used in life-story interviews. Connectors and simple clauses Review then, after that, because, but, and other connectors for telling a coherent story.
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